Executive Summary
Across all 18 nations assessed under the JCSI 1.2 framework, campus climate scores represent some of the most alarming indicators of deteriorating Jewish security, with average scores of 18-38/100 placing most countries in the Critical to Concerning range.
The Campus Crisis
Since October 7, 2023, university campuses across the Western world have witnessed an unprecedented surge in antisemitic activity. What began as political protest has, in many cases, crossed into harassment, intimidation, and violence directed specifically at Jewish students.
The Scale of the Problem
| Country | Campus Score | Key Data Point | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 USA | 18/100 | 1,694 incidents; 40+ encampments; 65% feel unsafe | ↓ Worsening |
| 🇫🇷 France | 20/100 | 91% experienced antisemitism; Sciences Po blockades | ↓ Worsening |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | 23/100 | 284 school incidents; 15+ encampments; youth radicalization | ↓ Worsening |
| 🇨🇦 Canada | 25/100 | Major encampments McGill/UofT/UBC; 55%+ feel unsafe | ↓ Worsening |
| 🇬🇧 UK | 27/100 | 145+ incidents; 20+ encampments; 55% feel unsafe | ↓ Worsening |
| 🇦🇺 Australia | 27/100 | 320+ incidents; 12+ encampments; 60%+ feel unsafe | ↓ Worsening |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 35/100 | Multiple university protests; Amsterdam incidents | → Stable |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | 38/100 | Copenhagen University encampment May 2024 | → Stable |
Identity Concealment: The Invisible Crisis
Perhaps the most troubling indicator is the rate at which Jewish students feel compelled to hide their identity on campus:
🇺🇸 United States
34% actively hiding Jewish identity on campus. 65%+ report feeling unsafe. (AJC Campus Survey)
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
80% hide identity in some contexts. 55%+ feel unsafe. UJS membership up 2,000+ students. (UJS/CST)
🇦🇺 Australia
60%+ report feeling unsafe. Many avoiding campus entirely. (AUJS Survey)
🇫🇷 France
91% have experienced antisemitism. Only 8% report to faculty. (UEJF/IFOP)
Spotlight Research Perspective
Core Principle
University campuses are places for learning, for debate, and for exercising the opportunity to express strong opinions. They are not places for intimidation, violence, and dangerous rhetoric.
The Free Speech vs. Safety Framework
Universities must understand the difference between free speech and incitement, and clearly proscribe those forms of speech which are harmful to Jewish students.
✓ Protected Speech
- Criticism of Israeli government policies
- Advocacy for Palestinian rights
- Peaceful protest within time/place/manner restrictions
- Academic discussion of Middle East conflict
✗ Unprotected/Harmful Speech
- Calls for "intifada" or violence against Jews
- Denial of physical access to campus areas
- "From the river to the sea" when used to intimidate
- Direct harassment based on identity
Impartiality vs. Responsibility
Key Distinction
Impartiality is not the same as responsibility. It is possible for a university to be impartial in its treatment of all students' views and at the same time protect a group that is experiencing physical, mental, or communal trauma.
The role of the institution is to mitigate that trauma to zero. That is the basis of impartiality—that all students can come to the institution free of the fear of being attacked, verbally or physically or online, by fellow students or faculty.
"No student should need to choose between their faith and their education or feel unsafe expressing their identity."— Union of Jewish Students (UK)
Country-by-Country Analysis
🇺🇸 United States
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
🇦🇺 Australia
🇫🇷 France
🇩🇪 Germany
🇨🇦 Canada
Key Issues Faced by Jewish Students
1. Encampments and Occupations
Beginning at Columbia University in April 2024, pro-Palestinian encampments spread globally. These encampments have been associated with:
- Physical Exclusion: Jewish students denied access to campus areas (documented at UCLA, Columbia, Sydney)
- Violent Rhetoric: Chants glorifying violence ("Globalize the Intifada," "From the River to the Sea")
- External Infiltration: Non-student actors entering campuses to radicalize protests
- Ideological Tests: Demands that Jewish students denounce Israel as condition for passage
2. Academic and Institutional Boycotts
BDS resolutions have proliferated, creating environments where Zionist identity is treated as disqualifying:
- Multiple student government BDS resolutions passed (Columbia, Brown, ANU, Sydney)
- Israeli academics disinvited or cancelled across Australia, UK, France
- Jewish/Zionist student groups denied recognition or funding
- Pro-Israel speakers routinely disrupted or cancelled
3. Faculty Conduct
Faculty members have contributed to hostile environments through:
- Holding classes in encampments or offering extra credit for protest participation
- Public statements supporting Hamas or denying October 7 atrocities
- Creating classroom environments where Zionist students feel unable to participate
- Half of foiled German plots in 2024 involved under-18 perpetrators—indicating youth radicalization
4. What Exacerbates the Problem
Institutional Failures
- Delayed Response: Universities that allowed encampments to persist signaled that intimidation would be tolerated
- Inconsistent Enforcement: Codes of conduct applied selectively
- Capitulation to Demands: Rewarding encampments with negotiations encourages repetition
- Lack of IHRA Adoption: Without clear definitions, institutions struggle to identify incidents
- External Actor Access: Failure to verify student status allows extremists onto campuses
Effective Mitigation Strategies
Government Enforcement: The US Model
The Trump administration has implemented the most aggressive government response to campus antisemitism:
Assessment
Financial penalties create immediate institutional incentives for compliance. The Columbia cancellation demonstrated that government is willing to use its leverage. However, First Amendment concerns require careful calibration to distinguish protected speech from actionable harassment.
University-Level Best Practices
1 Proactive Security Engagement
Model: Deakin University (Australia)
- Pre-emptive meetings with Jewish student representatives
- Campus patrol units positioned near Jewish events
- Clear communication of red lines to protesters
2 Student ID Verification
Models: Monash, Melbourne, Deakin
- Require identification at protests
- Prevent non-student infiltration
- Enable accountability for violations
3 Clear Protest Protocols
Model: CST UK Recommendations
- Time, place, manner restrictions
- Encampments not in central areas
- External individuals restricted from student groups
4 Technology-Enabled Reporting
Model: SafeZone App
- Real-time incident reporting
- Direct connection to security
- Pattern identification and tracking
Organizations Providing Good Models
Hillel International
USA/Global | 850+ campuses
- Campus Climate Initiative (CCI): 75+ campuses in cohort programs
- 24/7 Response: reportcampushate.org
- CALL Legal Line: Free legal assistance
- Administrator Training: Recognition & response
- Security Upgrades: Physical infrastructure improvements
Community Security Trust
UK | World-leading model
- Biennial Campus Reports: Data-driven advocacy
- UJS Partnership: Coordinated response
- Event Security Training: Safe event organization
- Incident Documentation: Comprehensive tracking
- Government Engagement: Policy influence
AMCHA Initiative
USA | Research & tracking
- Campus Database: Comprehensive incident tracking
- BDS Monitoring: Resolution tracking
- Title VI Support: Federal complaint assistance
- Research Reports: Trend analysis
National Student Bodies
Country-specific representation
- UJS (UK): 9,000+ members; hotline support
- AUJS (Australia/NZ): Government engagement
- UEJF (France): 15,000 members; 30 local sections
- AJC Campus (US): Research & advocacy
The ADL-Hillel-CoP-Federations Framework
In August 2025, leading Jewish organizations announced an updated framework of recommendations focusing on six key areas:
1. Enhanced Communication
Clear behavioral expectations and consistent enforcement of codes of conduct
2. Holistic Security
Address both physical and online harassment with updated policies
3. Faculty Accountability
Clear guidelines ensuring academic spaces remain free from coercion
4. Annual Climate Surveys
Measure incident frequency, community trust, and policy effectiveness
5. Independent Complaints
External advisers with specialist expertise
6. IHRA Adoption
Clear framework for identifying and addressing antisemitism
Recommendations
For University Administrators
- Adopt the IHRA Definition: Provides clear framework (as Harvard agreed in January 2025 settlement)
- Establish Clear Protest Protocols: Time, place, and manner restrictions applied equally
- Require ID Verification: Prevent external actors from infiltrating protests
- Create Independent Complaint Processes: External advisers with expertise
- Conduct Annual Climate Surveys: Measure not just incidents but trust and policy awareness
- Implement Mandatory Training: Train staff on identifying and responding to antisemitism
- Partner with Jewish Organizations: Join Hillel's CCI; engage with Jewish student leaders
- Address Faculty Conduct: Clear guidelines prohibiting coercion or discrimination
For Government
- Financial Accountability: Title VI enforcement with meaningful penalties (US model)
- Multi-Agency Task Forces: Coordinate education, justice, and immigration enforcement
- Regular Ministerial Engagement: Roundtables with vice-chancellors (UK model)
- Parliamentary Inquiries: Australian Commission of Inquiry creates accountability
- Security Funding: UK's £7M for educational settings; US NSGP expansion
The Bottom Line
Universities are responsible for the safety of all students and need to be held accountable.
There are successful methods to reduce the threat to Jewish students—when institutions choose to implement them.
The evidence across 18 nations demonstrates that when universities fail to protect Jewish students, those students are forced to make an impossible choice between their education and their safety. The path forward requires sustained commitment from all stakeholders—universities, governments, and communities—working together to ensure that campuses remain places of learning, not intimidation.
Key to Success
Jewish students and organizations need to know that university leadership takes seriously the threat felt by Jewish students and is seen to act upon it. Visible, consistent, and accountable action is what builds trust and creates safety.